Bu haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131 apayr\u0131 bir konuya ay\u0131rmaya niyetliydim. Ne var ki, bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yazmadan \u00f6nceki ak\u015fam bir haber ald\u0131m ve akl\u0131mdakileri biraz duygusal ve tepkisel, biraz da rasyonel ve bilimsel yakla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bilerek, do\u011frudan tu\u015flamaya koyuldum. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m haber, bir arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funa ADHD, yani Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n konmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u00e7imdeki tepkiyi uyand\u0131ransa gen\u00e7lere ADHD tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n konmas\u0131 de\u011fildi -ki her y\u0131l y\u00fczlerce gence ve \u00e7ocu\u011fa bu tan\u0131 konmakta-; beni as\u0131l infial ettiren bu gen\u00e7lere uygulanmakta olan yakla\u015f\u0131m bi\u00e7imi. Tahmin edece\u011finiz \u00fczere, \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntem ve yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, tedavi i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011funlukla kimyasal ila\u00e7 yolu se\u00e7iliyor. Bu yaz\u0131mda da biraz bunlara dokunmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)\u2019nin ne oldu\u011funu anlamakta fayda var. T\u00fcrkiye Psikiyatri Derne\u011fi, \u201c\u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flayan, etkisi t\u00fcm bir ya\u015fama yay\u0131labilen, n\u00f6ropsikiyatrik bozukluk\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. ADHD\u2019li bireylerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hareketlilik, kontrols\u00fcz tepki, dikkatsizlik, unutkanl\u0131k, uzun s\u00fcre bir konuya odaklanma veya dinlemede zorlanma, dikkat da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ani g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hassasl\u0131k, dikkatsizlik sonucu hatalar yapma, e\u015fya kaybetme, verilen g\u00f6revleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi davran\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6zlemlenir. Bu dikkat ve hiperaktivite bozuklu\u011fu sadece \u00e7ocuk veya gen\u00e7lerde de\u011fil, yeti\u015fkinlerde de hayli yayg\u0131n bir olgu; her birimizde de az bir miktar var. \u0130leri seviyede oldu\u011funda, bu istemsiz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ki\u015fiyi, hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindekilerle ili\u015fkilerini olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi ve ki\u015fiyi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa itti\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bireylerin hayat\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyecek, e\u011fitim i\u015f veya g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede zorla\u015ft\u0131racak seviyeye gelmesi durumunda, psikiyatri uzman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve tedavisi \u015fart bir n\u00f6rolojik bozukluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n ADHD hastalar\u0131n\u0131n beyinleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda, bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bireylerin beyinlerinde baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015f, baz\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konmu\u015f. \u0130la\u00e7 tedavisine y\u00f6nelimin daha fazla olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni bu olsa gerek. \u0130lac\u0131n bireylerin dikkatini toplamas\u0131na, hiperaktivitesinin azalmas\u0131na, konsantrasyonunun artmas\u0131na, e\u011fitim ve i\u015f hayat\u0131ndaki genel i\u015fleyi\u015finde daha kontroll\u00fc davranmas\u0131na ve genel sosyal ve toplumsal ortamda kabul\u00fcne yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Bir kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re ila\u00e7 tedavisi \u201c\u00e7ocu\u011fun e\u011fitim hayat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczelmesinde, daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131nda rol oynar\u2026 \u00e7ocu\u011fun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00e7ocuk bu \u015fekilde devam etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d Di\u011fer yandan, ila\u00e7 tedavisinin getirdi\u011fi yan etkilerden \u00e7ok az bahsedilir. \u0130\u015ftah kayb\u0131, uykuda d\u00fczensizlik, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, iritabilite gibi yan etkilerin yan\u0131nda, ila\u00e7 tedavisi uzun vadede bireyin yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imini, yaratma motivasyon ve potansiyelini k\u00f6reltebiliyor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Psikiyatri Derne\u011fi ADHD tedavisinde kapsaml\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini savunuyor; n\u00f6robiyolojik temelli rahats\u0131zl\u0131k olan ADHD tedavisinde ilac\u0131n temel olu\u015fturdu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor; ve b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl tedavi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n sonraki a\u015famas\u0131 olan yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bili\u015fsel davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 psikoterapileri eklemenin \u00f6nemini vurguluyor. Tabii ki de, b\u00f6ylesi b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve kapsaml\u0131 bir tedavi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda, yani psikoterapi e\u015fli\u011finde ila\u00e7 uygulan\u0131rken bireyin yan\u0131nda ailenin, uzman\u0131n ve e\u011fitimcilerin de s\u00fcrece dahil olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir! \u00a0Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki, ekseriyetle bireyin ve ailesinin bu olguyla -yani psikoterapi ve ila\u00e7larla- ba\u015f ba\u015fa kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fcrecin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Acaba neden? \u015e\u00f6yle! E\u011fitim sistemi tek tip \u00f6\u011frenci profiline -yani odaklanan, y\u00f6nergeleri vakitli ve keskinlikle takip eden, d\u00fcrt\u00fc ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 reg\u00fcle edebilen, s\u0131n\u0131f ortam\u0131na ayak uyduran, toplumun belirledi\u011fi standartlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015far\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilen \u00f6\u011frenci tipine g\u00f6re kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131ya sahip… Sosyal toplum, yani biz ebeveynler, e\u011fitimciler, uzmanlar -i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 da dahil buna- genelin (veya normun) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f bireylerin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6znel becerilerini topluma dahil etme yetisine ne yaz\u0131k ki haiz de\u011filiz. Onun yerine ila\u00e7 ve terapiyle bireyleri kendimize benzetme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7indeyiz. Farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ve d\u00fczenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalanlara yer verme ve alan a\u00e7ma konusunda \u00e7ok zay\u0131f\u0131z. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckten b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe, neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitim sistemi bu esaslar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f konumda. Buna Sir Ken Robinson \u201cHow schools kill creativity\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 TED konu\u015fmas\u0131nda (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cI3Ro1Br5k8<\/a>) \u00e7ok g\u00fczel de\u011finmi\u015ftir; e\u011fitimin ve maalesef e\u011fitimcilerin yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u015farma potansiyelini nas\u0131l da k\u00f6reltti\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Robinson konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, Cats ve Phantom of the Opera m\u00fczikallerinin kareografisini yapan bale dans\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve kareograf Gillian Lynne\u2019den bahseder ve dans\u00e7\u0131 olu\u015funun hikayesini anlat\u0131r. Lynne, 1930\u2019larda \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda odaklanma ve \u00f6\u011frenme zorlu\u011fu \u00e7eken, \u00f6devlerini takip edemeyip vaktinde teslim etmeyen, ve s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7inde rahat durmay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin \u015fikayet etti\u011fi m\u00fcthi\u015f yetenekli bir \u00e7ocuktur. Bug\u00fcn olsa ADHD tan\u0131s\u0131 alacak ve ilaca y\u00f6nlendirilecek bir \u00e7ocuktur! \u00d6\u011fretmenleri taraf\u0131ndan \u201cba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z\u201d olarak etiketlenmi\u015f, ancak f\u0131rsat<\/em> verildi\u011finde k\u00fcresel ba\u015far\u0131ya imza atm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ocuk! Onu g\u00f6ren uzman\u0131n annesine \u201cLynne<\/em> hasta de\u011fil, o bir dans\u00e7\u0131<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cdans okuluna g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/em>\u201d demesiyle f\u0131rsat yakalam\u0131\u015f ve Lynne hayatta b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Hik\u00e2yenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 TED konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Robinson\u2019dan dinlemenizi \u00f6neririm!) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zel ihtiyaca y\u00f6nelik bireyselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f e\u011fitim<\/em> (educational programs for students with special needs) sisteminin ve programlar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, istenilen mertebeye gelmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeliyim!<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yine \u201cneden\u201d diye soraca\u011f\u0131m\u2026 Ronald David Laing\u2019in beni b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen bir laf\u0131 vard\u0131r: \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde \u00f6l\u00fc oldu\u011funuzu bilmezsiniz. Bu sadece ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zordur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey salak oldu\u011funuzda da ge\u00e7erlidir<\/em>.\u201d ADHD\u2019ye sahip ki\u015filer de kendilerini bilmeyebilirler\u2026 Bu as\u0131l onlarla ya\u015fayan ebeveynler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve e\u011fitim y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok zordur\u2026 O y\u00fczden de onlara \u00e7ok i\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor! ADHD\u2019li bireylerin kendilerini bilmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktan ba\u015flayarak, onlar\u0131 her anlamda destekleme g\u00f6revleri var\u2026 Maalesef, say\u0131l\u0131 istisna d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011fu tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri kolay yolu se\u00e7erek ila\u00e7 veriyor. \u0130\u015fte burada soruyorum: salt s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tek tip e\u011fitim ve y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine uyumland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel ve \u00f6znel yeteneklerini t\u00f6rp\u00fclemek ne kadar do\u011fru?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc AB Projeleri Y\u00f6netimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6nemde, bu konuya baya kafa yormu\u015ftuk. \u0130lk defa o zaman n\u00f6roplastisiteden ve beynin kendini yeniden \u015fekillendirebilece\u011finden haberdar olmu\u015ftum; hatta beynin i\u015fleyi\u015fine m\u00fcthi\u015f merak sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi akademisyenleriyle birlikte, Avrupa\u2019dan birka\u00e7 kurumun da dahil oldu\u011fu bir konsorsiyumla bir proje ba\u015flatt\u0131k. Amac\u0131m\u0131z kayna\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6\u011frencileriyle (\u00f6\u011frenme zorlu\u011fu \u00e7eken ve ADHD tan\u0131s\u0131 alan \u00e7ocuklarla) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6\u011fretmenlere yol g\u00f6sterici bir kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yol a\u00e7makt\u0131. Sonucunda 24 saatlik bir e\u011fitim program\u0131 tasarlad\u0131k ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerle bir pilot e\u011fitim uygulayarak program\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irdik.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Alan\u0131nda uzman e\u011fitimciler, \u00f6zel e\u011fitim (special needs) uzmanlar\u0131 ve psikiyatri uzmanlar\u0131yla birlikte kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu e\u011fitimle \u201cba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zor<\/em>\u201d olan\u0131 \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve kapsaml\u0131<\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u201d<\/em> sunarak kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftik, ama maalesef 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k proje s\u00fcrecinin sonuna gelindi\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde tozlar alt\u0131nda kald\u0131. Aradan 10 y\u0131ldan fazla zaman ge\u00e7ti\u2026 Bug\u00fcn odaklar ba\u015fka yerlerde\u2026 ADHD tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerine y\u00f6nelik kayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zsa ayn\u0131 yerinde\u2026\u00a0 Akademisyen hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yerlerinde olduklar\u0131 gibi\u2026 Fakat neden olmas\u0131n\u2026 Belki bir g\u00fcn uykuda olan bu de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma uyan\u0131r, hareketlenir ve yeniden hayat bulur\u2026<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Barcelona\u2019dan sevgiler\u2026<\/p>\n 3 Kas\u0131m 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bu haftaki yaz\u0131m\u0131 apayr\u0131 bir konuya ay\u0131rmaya niyetliydim. Ne var ki, bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yazmadan \u00f6nceki ak\u015fam bir haber ald\u0131m ve akl\u0131mdakileri biraz duygusal ve tepkisel, biraz da rasyonel ve bilimsel yakla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 bilerek, do\u011frudan tu\u015flamaya koyuldum. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m haber, bir arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funa ADHD, yani Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n konmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u00e7imdeki tepkiyi uyand\u0131ransa gen\u00e7lere ADHD tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5208,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5206\/revisions\/5208"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthepositive.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}